Why Choose Lithium Batteries Over Lead-Acid Batteries?

As electric vehicles (EVs) become increasingly popular, battery technology is rapidly advancing. Among the various battery types available, lithium-ion batteries have emerged as the dominant choice for electric vehicles and e-bikes due to their superior performance. In comparison to traditional lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries offer numerous advantages. This article will explore the top 10 benefits of lithium-ion batteries, shedding light on why more and more electric vehicles are adopting them.

Longer Cycle Life

Lithium-ion batteries have a significantly longer cycle life than lead-acid batteries. When charged and discharged at a 1C rate, lithium batteries can endure over 500 cycles, with the 500th cycle maintaining more than 70% of its nominal capacity. In contrast, lead-acid batteries typically last only 350 cycles, with capacity dropping to below 60% by the 350th cycle.

Excellent Low-Temperature Performance

In cold environments, lithium-ion batteries perform exceptionally well. Even at temperatures as low as -25°C, lithium-ion batteries can still operate, retaining 70% of their nominal capacity. On the other hand, lead-acid batteries lose half of their capacity at -10°C and fail to function properly at -25°C, significantly limiting their range and usability.

Superior Charge Retention

Lithium-ion batteries have excellent charge retention. After being fully charged, if left idle for two months, lithium batteries retain over 80% of their original capacity. Lead-acid batteries, however, only retain 40% to 50% of their nominal capacity after two months of idle time. This makes lithium batteries much more reliable for long-term storage.

Stronger Range and Efficiency

Lithium-ion batteries are lighter and more compact than lead-acid batteries. For the same voltage and capacity, lithium-ion batteries provide better range because their weight is only 30% of that of lead-acid batteries. This weight reduction significantly improves vehicle efficiency and increases the driving range.

Higher Energy Density

Lithium-ion batteries have a higher energy density, meaning they can store more energy in the same volume. While lithium-ion batteries are 30% smaller than lead-acid batteries, they can store the same or more energy. This makes them highly efficient for electric vehicles that need to maximize energy storage within limited space.

Wide Operating Temperature Range

Lithium-ion batteries can operate within a wide temperature range, from -25°C to 55°C, making them suitable for various climates. In contrast, lead-acid batteries function only within a narrower range of 10°C to 40°C, limiting their performance in extreme weather conditions.

Shorter Charging Time

Charging time is an essential factor in battery performance. Due to their ability to handle high charging currents, lithium-ion batteries can be fully charged in just 4 to 5 hours, compared to 8 to 10 hours for lead-acid batteries. This gives lithium-ion batteries a significant advantage in terms of charging speed.

Environmentally Friendly

Lithium-ion batteries are much more eco-friendly than lead-acid batteries, which contain harmful heavy metals like lead that pose risks to both human health and the environment. Lithium-ion batteries are safer and more sustainable, with a greener production and recycling process.

High Discharge Current Capability

Lithium-ion batteries can discharge at high currents without significant loss of capacity. Even at a 1C rate, lithium-ion batteries maintain 60% of their rated capacity during high-current discharge. This capability ensures that electric vehicles can perform well under demanding conditions, such as acceleration and climbing.

No Impact on Cycle Life from High Discharge Current

Unlike lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries can handle high discharge currents (up to 1.5C) without compromising their cycle life. Lead-acid batteries, however, experience a significant reduction in their lifespan when subjected to similar high-current discharges.